ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ЧТЕНИЮ
Тренировочное задание 1.
Задание 1. Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А-G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. Laving through ages
2. Influenced by fashion
3. Young and energetic
4. Old and beautiful
5. Still a mystery
6. A lot to see and to do
7. Welcome to students
8. Fine scenery
A. Ireland is situated on the western edge of Europe. It is an island of great beauty with rugged mountains, blue lakes, ancient castles, long sandy beaches and picturesque harbors. The climate is mild and temperate throughout the year. Ireland enjoys one of the cleanest environments in Europe. Its unspoilt countryside provides such leisure activities as hiking, cycling, golfing and horse-riding.
B. Over the past two decades, Ireland has become one of the top destinations for English language learning - more than 100,000 visitors come to Ireland every year to study English. One quarter of Ireland’s population is under 25 years of age and Dublin acts as a magnet for young peoplelooking for quality education. The Irish are relaxed, friendly, spontaneous, hospitable people and have a great love of conversation. So, there is no better way of learning a language than to learn it in the country where it is spoken.
C. Dublin sits in a vast natural harbor. Such a protected harbor appealed to the first settlers 5,000 years ago and traces of their culture have been found around Dublin and its coast. But it was not until the Vikings came sailing down the coast in the mid 9th century that Dublin became an important town. Next to arrive were the Anglo-Norman adventurers. This was the beginning of the long process of colonization that dictated Ireland’s development over the next seven hundred years.
D. Now Dublin is changing fast and partly it’s thanks to its youthful population - over 50 percent are under the age of twenty-five and that makes the city come alive. Today Dublin is a city full of charm with a dynamic cultural life, small enough to be friendly, yet cosmopolitan in outlook. This is the culture where the heritage of ancient days brings past and present together.
E. In general, cultural life of Dublin is very rich and you can enjoy visiting different museums, art galleries and exhibitions. But for those looking for peace and quiet there are two public parks in the centre of the city: St. Stephen’s Green and Merrion Square. The city centre has several great shopping areas depending on your budget as well as numerous parks and green areas for relaxing in. Dublin is also a sports-mad city and whether you are playing or watching, it has everything for the sports enthusiast.
F. Step dances are the creation of Irish dancing masters of the late 18th century. Dancing masters would often travel from town to town, teaching basic dancing steps to those interested and able to pay for them. Their appearance was motivated by a desire to learn the ‘fashionable’ dance styles which were coming from France. The dance masters often changed these dances to fit the traditional music and, in doing so, laid the basis for much of today’s traditional Irish dance - ceili, step, and set.
G. St Patrick is known as the patron saint of Ireland. True, he was not a born Irish. But he has become an integral part of the Irish heritage, mostly through his service across Ireland of the 5th century. Patrick was born in the second half of the 4th century AD. There are different views about the exact year and place of his birth. According to one school of opinion, he was born about 390 A.D., while the other school says it is about 373 AD. Again, his birth place is said to be in either Scotland or Roman England. So, though Patricius was his Romanicized name, he became later known as Patrick.
Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.
Seat Belts: Do We Really Need Them?
In many countries now seat belts are compulsory for the driver and front seat passengers at least.
Most doctors believe that seat belts save people from being seriously hurt in a crash, but there are some people who still think that it is more dangerous to wear a seat belt than not to wear one.
They say that a seat belt may trap one in a car that is burning, or that has fallen into a river or the sea and is sinking, so that one is burnt to death or drowned.
But less than half of one per cent of car accidents lead to fire or sinking, and in any case, a seat belt may easily save a person from being knocked unconscious in an accident, so that he or she is able to undo the seat belt immediately and get out of a car that is on fire or sinking.
People who object to seat belts also sometimes say that without one, one may be thrown right out of a car in a crash, but doctors will tell you that that is the last thing one wants to happen: if one is thrown out of a car, one hits something, usually the road, and usually hard and at speed. It is better to remain inside a car in the case of a crash.
There is also the question of personal freedom; some people say that it is an attack on their freedom to force them to wear a seat belt, whether they want to or not. But even in a democracy there are a lot of things a person is denied the right to do though he or she wants to do them. I may, for example, want to play music loudly at night; it interferes with my freedom if I am not allowed to do this. But my neighbours have their own rights to freedom, just as I have. They want to be free to sleep quietly at night, and if I stop them doing so, I am interfering with their freedom.
How does this affect seat belts? In what way does it interfere with the rights of others if someone refuses to wear a seat belt? Well, first of all because common sense tells us that a driver without a seat belt has less control of a car if there is an accident, so that he or she is more likely to be a danger to others, who after all also have the right to be protected as much as possible from accident.
10. All people agree that seat belts are a good thing.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
11. I Most doctors are among those who support wearing seat belts.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
12. Cars get on fire at least once a month.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
13. Wearing a seatbelt you can get fewer injuries.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
14. Personal freedom means doing whatever you want.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
15. I Not wearing seat belts can seriously affect other people.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
10. Drivers without seat belts get into accidents more often.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
17. In some democratic countries people wearing seat belts is not compulsory.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
Тренировочное задание 2.
Задание 1. Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А-G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. Thanks to new technology 5. Happy next year
2. A custom for a sweet-tooth 6. Not allowed for some time
3. The upside down world 7. Watch out or give the money
4. Nice for people in love 8. Christmas is coming
A. Houses are decorated with coloured paper ribbons and chains. Holly with red berries is put on the walls and looks very colourful. A piece of mistletoe (a plant) is hung from the ceiling. It is said to be lucky to kiss under the mistletoe hanging from the ceiling. As you can understand, a lot of people who may not usually kiss each other take the chance given by a piece of mistletoe!
B. One of the delicacies the British have enjoyed for almost 900 years is the mince pie. This is a sort of small cake with a delicious mixture of spices and fruit. It was the Crusaders who introduced it when they brought back new aromatic spices from the Holy Land. In the 17th century Oliver Cromwell tried to ban the eating of mince pies (as well as singing of carols) — but people continued to eat (and sing) in secret.
C. Christmas Day is a family day when families try to be together. In past years, the Queen has broadcast a radio message from her study at Sandringham House. Since 1959 she has been recording her message every year some weeks before Christmas, so it could be broadcast on Christmas Day by radio in all parts of the British Commonwealth.
D. In the USA many towns have a public tree place in some square or park or outside the town hall. This custom began first in America when an illuminated tree was set up in 1909 in Pasadena, California. Now we can observe the ceremony of putting up the Christmas tree in Rockefeller Center in the heart of New York City, as well as in the main square of every town in the country. The nation’s main Christmas tree is set up in Washington, D.C. on the parade ground near the White House. A few days before Christmas the President of the United States presses a button to light the tree. This is the signal for lighting trees across the land.
E. The custom of breaking a wishbone (of a chicken or turkey) comes from the Romans who used them for fortune telling. They examined the bones of sacrificed birds, which they thought were messengers from their gods. Looking for signs of future events, they broke the wishbone and the person with the longest piece could make a wish which may bring him luck or good fortune.
F. Christmas in Australia is not like anywhere else since December is one of the hottest months of the year. But the Australians have a great time anyway. Those who live near the coast go to the beach on Christmas day. They have a swim, play cricket or volleyball, surf or just sit around with family and friends enjoying Christmas dinner. Santa Claus arrives on a surfboard - quite a change from sliding down a chimney!
G. Christmas caroling is particularly popular in Wales where it is called eisteddfodde and is often accompanied by a harp. In some rural areas a villager is chosen to be the Mari Lwyd. This person travels around the town dressed in white and carrying a horse’s skull on a long pole. Anyone given the ‘bite’ by the horse’s jaws must pay a fine.
Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквам
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.
Audrey Hepburn
Audrey Kathleen van Heemstra Hepburn-Ruston was born in Brussels on May 4, 1929 in the family of a wealthy English banker and a Dutch baroness. She spent her early childhood travelling between England, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Her parents divorced when she was six. Then came the war. Her mother moved with Audrey to her parents’ home in the neutral Netherlands. The following year the country was invaded by the Nazis. It was a difficult time for the whole family. There was very little food. Audrey and her family had to dig vegetables from the hard frozen ground, for some time they survived on flour made from tulip bulbs.
Audrey’s greatest love was music. She wanted to be a dancer, and she studied dancing since she was five. In 1948, Audrey and her mother moved to London. Audrey went to a ballet school. She worked hard at her dancing. She had no time for boyfriends. But one day the ballet school teacher told her, ‘I’m sorry, but you’ll never be a famous dancer. You’re too tall.’
Audrey was sad, but then something happened. She was given a small part in a big London musical. She quickly found jobs in other musicals. Everybody liked this thin girl with a pretty face and wide smile.
When Audrey was twenty, she had small parts in several movies and during the filming of a movie she met a famous novelist and screenwriter Colette. Colette wanted to find a girl for the Broadway musical of her book, Gigi. When she saw Audrey, she said. ‘She is Gigi! Half-woman, half-boy.’ This role won Hepburn a Theatre World Award in 1952.
The same year a Hollywood movie producer offered her the part of a princess in a big new movie, Roman Holiday. The film was a great success and Audrey won an Oscar for Best Actress.
Audrey starred in about 30 films, among them were War and Peace (1956), Breakfast at Tiffany*s (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), How to Steal a Million (1965). But she always made it clear that family was more important for her than work. She was married twice and had two sons. After her second son was born in 1970, she said: ‘I don’t want to make any more movies. I’m happy as a good wife and mother.’ However, her second marriage ended in divorce - just like the first one.
Since 1970 Audrey lived a quiet life in her house in Switzerland raising her two sons. She only made two or three more movies, and they were not very good. She made them because she needed money.
When she became older, she wanted to do something more important with her life. She started to work for the United Nations. She was officially appointed UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. She visited the poorest and most dangerous countries in the world. In 1992, she travelled to Africa for the last time. When she came back, she was seriously ill. The doctors thought it was some infection, but it was cancer. On January 20, 1993, Audrey Hepburn died. She was sixty-four.
Audrey was one of the few actresses who became the symbol of their time, whose look was imitated by thousands of girls. She became and stayed the symbol of elegance, glamour, charm, and grace. As one of film critics said ‘In this cruel and imperfect world Audrey was living proof that God could still create perfection.’
10. I The first years of Audrey’s childhood were full of hardships.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
11. I The Netherlands was never occupied by the Fascist troops.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
12. Audrey had a great talent for dancing.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
13. Audrey Hepburn won several Oscars.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
14. Audrey Hepburn put her acting career higher than anything else.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
15. In the second part of her life Audrey spent much time in charity activities.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
16. She started working for the UN because she needed money.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
17. I Audrey Hepburn had a great personality and seemed perfect in everything.
1). True 2). False 3). Not stated
Тренировочное задание 3.
Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А-G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. A two-language melting pot 5. Native tribes
2. Born of hardships 6. Difficult life
3. Enough land for both 7. Back to the roots
4. Failures and successes 8. The birth of the new nation
A. Long before Europeans first came to America, many groups of Indians lived there. They hunted forest animals for food and clothing. They gathered berries and nuts in the forests. Many groups fished in the rivers and streams that flowed through the forests. Most anthropologists agree that the North American Indians migrated over the Bering Sea from Siberia, 10,000 to 30,000 years ago.
B. Later, in 1534 the French king sent Jacques Cartier to find a water route to the Far East. Cartier made several voyages to the new World, and he tried to establish a colony on the banks of the St. Lawrence River (where Montreal is located today) but he failed. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French settlement in Canada. He named it Quebec.
C. Both nations began to expand in the New World. English colonists began to settle along the Atlantic Coast. The French began to explore and build forts in the region south of the Great Lakes in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
D. So Great Britain and France were fighting for control of Canada until 1763. As a result, France signed a treaty giving up all its claims to land on the continent of North America. The French who were living in Canada did not return to France. They continued to follow the customs and religion of their native land. They became ‘French Canadians’.
E. Since that time, millions of immigrants from the United States, Scotland, Ireland, England, Germany, Russia, Poland, Scandinavia, and other countries of the world have moved to Canada. Today about one third of the Canadians speak French and about two thirds speak English. English and French are both official languages of Canada.
F. Since the 1950s, there has been a remarkable rebirth of Indian culture. Native language, culture and history programmes have been instituted in schools. Cultural centres are flourishing, and traditional practices and beliefs are increasingly being used to combat alcoholism and drug problems. Indian elders are once again playing a vital role and linking generations.
G. Canadian sport is indebted to Indian culture for the toboggan, snowshoe, lacrosse stick and canoe. Many Indian games had utilitarian purposes related to survival, e.g. wrestling, archery, spear throwing, foot and canoe racing. Some of them initially were meant to prepare youngsters for cooperative existence in a cruel environment where it was necessary to know one’s tolerance limits.
Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.
Niccolo Paganini: Virtuoso or Devil?
He was the first superstar. His incredible technique — he could do miracles with his violin — and his unusual appearance tempted many of his admirers to whisper that he was the son of the devil.
Although Niccolo Paganini was always the subject of rumour, the secret of his power was that he worked hard since early childhood. Paganini was born in Genoa, Italy, on October 27, 1782. His father, Antonio Paganini raised his son with a hand of iron. He hoped that his son’s talent would bring the family fame and wealth, so he forced Niccolo to practise from morning to night. He drilled the boy constantly, even leaving him without food, if he didn’t play well enough. In 1797, Paganini started his concert tours. He earned enough money to support himself and he left home.
He composed, he taught, he gave concerts. His violin could sound so soft and sweet that his audiences often burst into tears. People just couldn’t believe that a man could play like that.
Paganini’s appearance seemed to support this opinion. He was tall and thin, and his long pale face, his eyes which were like flaming charcoals and his long curly hair looked a bit diabolic. Sometimes people crossed themselves if he accidentally touched them.
Paganini became something of a legend. He enjoyed playing tricks at his concerts. In the middle of a piece, he would cut all of the strings except for one and continue just on the one string.
Paganini made a lot of money during his career. But in 1836, he decided to open a casino — a ‘Casino Paganini’ — in Paris. It was a failure and he lost almost all his money. Paganini’s health had always been weak and after that his illness grew worse. He died on May 27, 1840 in Nice, France.
Church refused to allow him a burial on holy ground. Paganini’s son took his father’s body to Genoa, but they were not allowed to enter the city. Only five years after Paganini’s death, his son, by appealing directly to the Pope, received permission to bury the body of the great violinist in a village church.
10. Paganini’s father was extremely strict.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
11. Paganini’s appearance attracted people’s attention.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
12. Paganini often touched people to scare them.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
13. At the concerts he often played on one string.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
14. Paganini was a successful businessman.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
15. He died of a heart attack.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
16. Paganini was buried in Genoa.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
17. Paganini’s son paid the church for his father’s burial.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Для дальнейшей подготовки к выполнению заданий раздела "Чтение" рекомендуем обратиться к следующим пособиям:
Гудкова, Л.М., Терентьева О.В. ОГЭ 2023. Английский язык. 10 тренировочных вариантов экзаменационных работ. М.: 2022. 112 с.
Веселова, Ю.С. ОГЭ 2022. Английский язык. Комплекс материалов для подготовки учащихся. М.: 2021. 128 с., CD.
Музланова, Е.С. ОГЭ-2022. Английский язык. 20 тренировочных вариантов заданий для подготовки к устной части ОГЭ. М.: 2022. 96 с.
Манн, М., Тейлор-Ноулз, С. ОГЭ по английскому языку. Практическая подготовка. М.: 2021. - 88 с.